Jonathan Sebat, PhD, Director, Beyster Institute for Psychiatric Genomics, Professor of Psychiatry, Cellular & Molecular Medicine, and Pediatrics, UC San Diego School of Medicine joins William Mobley, MD, PhD to discuss genetics as they relate to autism and how technology can help pinpoint the genes contributing to the disorder. Watch the Entire Talk Here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hjeBM95Nft0&t=15s [11/2017] [Show ID: 33065]
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There are approximately 20,000 genes in the human genome. A mutation, or permanent variation, in just one gene can lead to a genetic condition. Knowing what causes a genetic condition is the first step in understanding how, potentially through ongoing research in gene therapy, healthcare providers might be able to treat these conditions differently.
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Can obesity be genetic? What causes obesity? Top endocrinologist Dr Barbara McGowan explains the complex causes of obesity.
Learn more about obesity and/or make an appointment with Dr McGowan here: https://www.topdoctors.co.uk/doctor/barbara-mcgowan
Is obesity in our genes? Dr. Elizabeth Speliotes, M.D., Ph.D., M.P.H., explains the role genes play in body size and shape.
By analyzing genetic samples of 300,000 individuals across the globe, researchers have found more than 100 locations across the genome linked with obesity traits. These genetic clues may one day help doctors tailor the advice they give to patients about obesity complications. The study was published in the 12 Feb. issue of Nature. Video Rating: / 5
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Obesity. It’s a global epidemic that now kills more people than malnutrition. Physiologists work to unravel the causes of obesity and the genetic factors involved.
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Produced by Orinoco Communications for The Physiological Society
Animation: Hayley Evenett
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Producer at The Physiological Society: Rachel Wheeley
Transcript:
Sometimes it seems like everywhere we look we’re exposed to adverts about dieting, urging us to lose weight.
Globally, the diet industry rakes in over £150 billion a year, and that figure is rising fast.
But, at the same time, worldwide obesity levels are also growing, and that matters, because obesity now kills more people than malnutrition.
So, what’s going on? Why are self-control and dieting alone unable to stop the growing obesity epidemic?
Research by physiologists suggests there are important biological factors at play.
Namely, that some of us are simply more genetically predisposed to become obese than others.
The root causes of obesity can be summed up like this: food intake, minus energy burned, equals fat stored.
So, obesity occurs when we consume more than we burn, and fat mass builds up.
But what happens when genetics are thrown into the mix?
Our understanding of this field has been advanced by scientific experiments involving a species of obese mouse.
These mice are always hungry and won’t stop eating. They never feel full.
The mice weigh three times more than normal mice because of a defect in a single gene.
Scientists identified that gene as one that codes for a hormone called leptin.
Leptin is made by fat cells and signals to the brain how much fat mass is in the body.
Without it, the brain mistakenly believes the body is starving, so the mice keep eating, even though they’ve had enough food.
Scientists translated this finding to humans when a four-year-old boy with the same genetic mutation became severely obese.
With regular leptin injections, his over-eating stopped and, by the age of eight, he was no longer overweight.
Studies of twins have helped us to identify the genetic basis of obesity.
Identical twins who come from the same egg and the same DNA have very similar body sizes.
But twins that come from different eggs show much more variability.
These studies show that while single genes are occasionally responsible most obesity cases are caused by a combination of genes working together.
Understanding the causes of obesity is far from simple but genetic factors such as leptin play an important role to regulate food intake and body weight.
So self-control alone is rarely enough to overcome the powerful effect of genes.
That’s why physiologists are working hard to assess how a healthy diet and exercise, combined with a better understanding of how genes influence obesity, can help turn the tide on this global epidemic.
A visual breakdown of why some individuals are resistant to maintaining weight loss through diet and exercise alone.
DNA is important across all aspects of life, from identifying a person or relationship to diagnosing and treating disease. Join Sherin Shaaban, MD, PhD, Laboratory Director at Sanford Health to learn how DNA is used to improve everyday life. For more information, visit www.sanfordimagenetics.org.
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Like other genetic tests, direct-to-consumer, abbreviated DTC, genetic testing looks for variation in a person’s genome, which consists of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, and is organized into genes.
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